Successful school leadership is highly contextually dependent. However, few studies focused on the comparisons of school leadership across different countries. Even among the existing studies, comparisons tend to be conducted with the assumption that the underlying factorial structure of the construct is the same. In this study, school principal's decision-making power in 12 decision-making areas from the PISA database are compared between China and the United States. The test of measurement invariance of the construct of principal decision-making power is conducted. Findings and implications are discussed.