This study examined the relationship between educational resources and student performance in mathematics and science on the Program for International Student Achievement (PISA). Many countries face educational inequality and achievement gaps between high performing and low performing students. The resources invested in education determine--to a large extent--the student performance. This study examined the resources that have the greatest potential to increase student performance. The educational resources of time, material and finance are defined within the study. The measurement of these resources on the international scale uses the PISA questionnaire, which is completed by students, parents, and school principals. Student performance in mathematics and science is also evaluated using the PISA tool. This study used a correlational approach to analyze the relationship between educational resources and student performance. Results identified the optimum areas in which a country should invest their educational resources to increase student performance. Results show a strong relationship between educational materials, cumulative spending, pre-school attendance, and student performance on the science and mathematics 2012 PISA. No relationship was found between student performance on the 2012 PISA and the following variables: student learning time in school, class size, participation in extracurricular activities, and teacher salaries. Implications and future studies are discussed in the final section of this article. The findings of this study have the potential to support changes in education that could increase student performance and increase the social and economic impacts those students will have in the future.