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Diego Cortes; Dirk Hastedt; Sabine Meinck – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2025
This paper informs users of data collected in international large-scale assessments (ILSA), by presenting argumentsunderlining the importance of considering two design features employed in these studies. We examine a commonmisconception stating that the uncertainty arising from the assessment design is negligible compared with that arisingfrom the…
Descriptors: Sampling, Research Design, Educational Assessment, Statistical Inference