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Karniol, Rachel; Galili, Lior; Shtilerman, Dafna; Naim, Reut; Stern, Karin; Manjoch, Hadar; Silverman, Rotem – Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 2011
We examined middle-class Israeli preschoolers' cognitive self-transformation in the delay of gratification paradigm. In Study 1, 66 un-caped or Superman-caped preschoolers delayed gratification, half with instructions regarding Superman's delay-relevant qualities. Caped children delayed longer, especially when instructed regarding Superman's…
Descriptors: Delay of Gratification, Models, Foreign Countries, Preschool Children
Bell, Anne E.; Aftanas, M. S. – 1970
The purpose of this study was to test some of the controversial issues raised by researchers studying the performances of children of middle class and low socioeconomic status (SES). In addition to studying the effects of SES and levels of intelligence on rote learning and more complex reasoning processes, the effects on reading achievement of…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Cognitive Processes, Environmental Influences, Grade 1

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