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Merel Scholman; Marian Marchal; Vera Demberg – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2024
The comprehension of connectives is crucial for understanding the discourse relations that make up a text. We studied connective comprehension in English to investigate whether adult comprehenders acquire the meaning and intended use of connectives to a similar extent and how connective features and individual differences impact connective…
Descriptors: Adults, Reading Comprehension, Connected Discourse, Semantics
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Robison, Matthew K.; Brewer, Gene A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
The present study examined individual differences in 3 cognitive abilities: attention control (AC), working memory capacity (WMC), and fluid intelligence (gF) as they relate the tendency to experience task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs) and the regulation of arousal. Cognitive abilities were measured with a battery of 9 laboratory tasks, TUTs were…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Short Term Memory, Attention Control, Intelligence
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Rastelli, Clara; Greco, Antonino; Finocchiaro, Chiara – Journal of Intelligence, 2020
The current theories suggest the fundamental role of semantic memory in creativity, mediating bottom-up (divergent thinking) and top-down (fluid intelligence) cognitive processes. However, the relationship between creativity, intelligence, and the organization of the semantic memory remains poorly-characterized in children. We investigated the…
Descriptors: Memory, Semantics, Correlation, Intelligence
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Marcu?, Oana; Martins, Eva Costa; Sassu, Raluca; Visu-Petra, Laura – Early Child Development and Care, 2022
When children are confronted with an emotional problem, affective flexibility mobilizes their cognitive and emotional resources to optimally address it. We investigated the contribution of executive functions to cognitive and affective flexibility in preschoolers. We assessed affective flexibility in 67 preschoolers (30 girls; M[subscript months]…
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Preschool Children, Executive Function, Predictor Variables
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Alegre de la Rosa, Olga María; Villar Angulo, Luis Miguel – Education Sciences, 2019
This study aims to investigate whether emotional and behavioral difficulties (EBD) differ between children with cochlear implants (CIs) or hearing aids (HAs), according to multi-informant ratings. Methods: A battery of psychological measures (e.g., Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA),…
Descriptors: Behavior Disorders, Emotional Disturbances, Hearing Impairments, Assistive Technology
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van Schijndel, Tessa J. P.; Jansen, Brenda R. J.; Raijmakers, Maartje E. J. – International Journal of Science Education, 2018
This study investigates how individual differences in 7- to 9-year-olds' curiosity relate to the inquiry-learning process and outcomes in environments differing in structure. The focus on curiosity as individual differences variable was motivated by the importance of curiosity in science education, and uncertainty being central to both the…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Personality Traits, Active Learning, Inquiry
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McMullen, Jake; Hannula-Sormunen, Minna M.; Laakkonen, Eero; Lehtinen, Erno – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2016
Many people have serious difficulties in understanding rational numbers, limiting their ability to interpret and make use of them in modern daily life. This also leads to later difficulties in learning more advanced mathematical content. In this study, novel tasks are used to measure 263 late primary school students' spontaneous focusing on…
Descriptors: Numbers, Mathematical Concepts, Elementary School Students, Predictor Variables
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Bosma, Tirza; Stevenson, Claire E.; Resing, Wilma C. M. – Journal of Education and Training Studies, 2017
In this paper we investigated the contribution of a dynamic testing procedure, including multiple graduated prompts protocols, in identifying differences in need for instruction of second grade children (N = 120) with arithmetic difficulties. The training was adaptive and prompts were provided according to one of six protocols, each focusing on a…
Descriptors: Prompting, Grade 2, Arithmetic, Problem Solving
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Furnham, Adrian; Crump, John – Learning and Individual Differences, 2013
In all 794 young people aged around 30 yrs completed three intelligence (Raven's Progressive matrices: GMA Numerical and GMA Verbal) and one personality inventory (16PF). They were all graduates and 173 were identified clearly as Arts graduates and 518 as Science students. There were various sex differences on all measures. All seven hypotheses…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Intelligence Tests, Personality Measures, Art Education
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Stevenson, Claire E. – International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 2017
This study contrasted the effects of tutoring, multiple try and no feedback on children's progression in analogy solving and examined individual differences herein. Feedback that includes additional hints or explanations leads to the greatest learning gains in adults. However, children process feedback differently from adults and effective…
Descriptors: Tutoring, Feedback (Response), Children, Short Term Memory
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Huang, Liqiang; Mo, Lei; Li, Ying – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2012
A large part of the empirical research in the field of visual attention has focused on various concrete paradigms. However, as yet, there has been no clear demonstration of whether or not these paradigms are indeed measuring the same underlying construct. We collected a very large data set (nearly 1.3 million trials) to address this question. We…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Attention, Short Term Memory, Individual Differences
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Carlson, Jerry S.; Jensen, C. Mark – Intelligence, 1982
Reaction time and movement time were negatively and moderately-to-strongly correlated with Ravens matrices performance and with reading comprehension and performance on the California Test of Basic Skills for 20 ninth-grade girls. Weaker relationships were found for mathematics and English grades, although the direction was consistently negative.…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Cognitive Processes, Correlation, Females
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Carpenter, Patricia A.; And Others – Psychological Review, 1990
Cognitive processes in the Raven Progressive Matrices Test, a nonverbal test of analytic intelligence, are analyzed in terms of processes distinguishing between high- and low-scoring students and processes common to all subjects and test items. Two experiments with 89 college students identify the abilities distinguishing among individuals. (SLD)
Descriptors: Ability, Cognitive Processes, College Students, Computer Simulation
Jensen, Arthur R. – 1975
The several statistical methods described for detecting test bias in terms of various internal features of a person's test performances and the test's construct validity can be applied to any groups in the population. But the evidence regarding groups other than U.S. blacks and whites is either lacking or is still too sketchy to permit any strong…
Descriptors: Blacks, Comparative Analysis, Culture Fair Tests, Elementary School Students