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Thomas, P. L. – International Education Journal: Comparative Perspectives, 2013
The accountability paradigm for reforming public schools began in the U.S. as a state-based initiative grounded in establishing state standards for core content and developing high-stakes tests and schedules to hold schools, teachers, and students accountable (Hout and Elliott, 2011). This essay examines the test-based patterns of that paradigm…
Descriptors: Accountability, Social Systems, High Stakes Tests, Democracy