Three new tests presented as alternatives to the Wechsler tests for children were described in earlier papers of this session. This discussion reviews the earlier papers and comments on the developed tests: (1) the Woodcock-Johnson test; (2) the new Stanford-Binet; and (3) the K-ABC. The Woodcock-Johnson battery, state-of-the-art applications of traditional test construction methods, was evaluated only for its cognitive tests, without determining whether the total battery does its job. It has not been demonstrated that there is "treatment validity," that the cognitive measures provide specific guides to treatment. In fact, the same questions may be asked about the K-ABC, which attempts to measure abilities identified from studies of information processing and from neuropsychology and cognitive psychology, and the new Stanford-Binet test, a psychometric approach based on the hierarchical theory developed from factor analysis studies. For practitioners, the basic question concerns what the pay off is. Much research is needed to establish exactly what these tests measure and how patterns of scores relate to performance. (SLD)