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The Semantic Stroop Effect Is Controlled by Endogenous Attention
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Kinoshita, Sachiko; Mills, Luke; Norris, Dennis – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Using the oral and manual Stroop tasks we tested the claim that retrieval of meaning from a written word is automatic, in the sense that it cannot be controlled. The semantic interference effect (greater interference caused by color-related words than color-neutral words) was used as the index of semantic activation. To manipulate the level of…
Descriptors: Semantics, Color, Interference (Learning), Visual Stimuli
Effects of Emotional Experience for Abstract Words in the Stroop Task
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Siakaluk, Paul D.; Knol, Nathan; Pexman, Penny M. – Cognitive Science, 2014
In this study, we examined the effects of emotional experience, a relatively new dimension of emotional knowledge that gauges the ease with which words evoke emotional experience, on abstract word processing in the Stroop task. In order to test the context-dependency of these effects, we accentuated the saliency of this dimension in Experiment 1A…
Descriptors: Emotional Experience, Task Analysis, Semantics, Visual Stimuli
Activation of Lexical and Semantic Representations without Intention along GPC-Sublexical and Orthographic-Lexical Reading Pathways in a Stroop Paradigm
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Anton, Kathryn F.; Gould, Layla; Borowsky, Ron – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Dual route models of reading suggest there are 2 pathways for reading words: an orthographic-lexical pathway, used to read familiar regular words and exception words, and a grapheme-to-phoneme-conversion-(GPC)-sublexical pathway, used to read unfamiliar regular words, pseudohomophones (PHs), and nonwords. It is unclear, however, whether PHs…
Descriptors: Intention, Semantics, Phonemes, Interference (Learning)
Further Evidence for Cognitive Inertia of Persons with Mental Retardation.
Ellis, Norman R.; Dulaney, Cynthia L. – American Journal on Mental Retardation, 1991
Forty young adults with mental retardation (MR) were compared to 40 young adults without mental retardation in tests examining postpractice interference effects in naming colors of Stroop words. The study concluded that practice developed automatized reading suppression responses which held greater cognitive inertia for longer periods among MR…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Drills (Practice), Learning Processes, Mental Retardation
The First Two R's.
Tzeng, Ovid J. L.; Wang, William S. Y. – American Scientist, 1983
Indicates that the way different languages reduce speech to script affects how visual information is processed in the brain, suggesting that the relation between script and speech underlying all types of writing systems plays an important part in reading behavior. Compares memory performance of native English/Chinese speakers. (JN)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Interference (Language), Language Processing, Language Research
On Processing Chinese Ideographs and English Words: Some Implications from Stroop-Test Results.
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Biederman, Irving; Tsao, Yao-Chung – Cognitive Psychology, 1979
When Chinese adults tried to name the color of characters which represented conflicting color words, they showed greater interference than did English speaking readers of the same task in English. This effect cannot be attributed to bilingualism. There may be fundamental differences in the perceptual demands of reading Chinese and English.…
Descriptors: Alphabets, Bilingualism, Cerebral Dominance, Chinese