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Switching Ability in Bilinguals Following Multitasking: Impact of Language Distance
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Aidin Tajbakhsh – ProQuest LLC, 2021
Cognitive flexibility (switching) and control (inhibition) are among widely accepted cognitive advantages of bilingualism. Switch Cost (SC), i.e., the time difference to complete a switch versus non-switch task, is a construct for measuring the switching ability. The need to control the interference and switching between one's languages leads to…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Code Switching (Language), Second Language Learning, Native Language
Cognitive Control and Lexical Access in Younger and Older Bilinguals
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Bialystok, Ellen; Craik, Fergus; Luk, Gigi – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2008
Ninety-six participants, who were younger (20 years) or older (68 years) adults and either monolingual or bilingual, completed tasks assessing working memory, lexical retrieval, and executive control. Younger participants performed most of the tasks better than older participants, confirming the effect of aging on these processes. The effect of…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Monolingualism, Language Processing, Bilingualism
Attention and Attentional Shift Efficiency in Individuals with and without Mental Retardation.
Bergen, Anne-Marie E.; Mosley, James L. – American Journal on Mental Retardation, 1994
This study, involving adults with and without mental retardation and mental age-matched children, employed a lateralized presentation of Stroop color words, neutral words, and the subject's first name. Individuals with mental retardation experienced difficulty in effortful processing (inhibiting the reading response on the Stroop trials) and in…
Descriptors: Adults, Attention, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Cognitive Processes
The Stroop Test and Its Relationship to Academic Performance and General Behaviour of Young Students
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Imbrosciano, Anthony; Berlach, Richard G. – Teacher Development, 2005
The test developed by Stroop some 70 years ago is used, among other purposes, as an indicator of attention disorder and general mood fluctuations. The present research attempted to determine whether a correlation existed between the Stroop Test, student ability as defined by a standardised IQ test, and general classroom behaviour. This study…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Academic Achievement, Intelligence Quotient, Correlation
The Frontal Hypothesis of Cognitive Aging: Factor Structure and Age Effects on Four "Frontal Tests" among Healthy Individuals
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Rodriguez-Aranda, Claudia; Sundet, Kjetil – Journal of Genetic Psychology, 2006
With 101 healthy aging adult participants, the authors investigated whether executive functions are a unitary concept. The authors established the factor structure of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST; E. A. Berg, 1948), the Stroop color and word test (C. J. Golden, 1978), verbal fluency using the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT;…
Descriptors: Aging (Individuals), Factor Structure, Association Measures, Cognitive Processes
Efficient Allocation of Attentional Resources in Patients with ADHD: Maturational Changes from Age 10 to 29
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Gualtieri, C. Thomas; Johnson, Lynda G. – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2006
Background: It has been proposed that ADHD is an executive control disorder. Little is known however about the maturation of executive control in ADHD. Method: A cross-sectional study of ADHD patients compared to normal controls tested on a computerized neurocognitive test battery. Participants: 175 patients with ADHD, age 10 to 29, compared to…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Developmental Stages, Child Development, Adolescent Development