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Kinoshita, Sachiko; Mills, Luke; Norris, Dennis – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Using the oral and manual Stroop tasks we tested the claim that retrieval of meaning from a written word is automatic, in the sense that it cannot be controlled. The semantic interference effect (greater interference caused by color-related words than color-neutral words) was used as the index of semantic activation. To manipulate the level of…
Descriptors: Semantics, Color, Interference (Learning), Visual Stimuli
Siakaluk, Paul D.; Knol, Nathan; Pexman, Penny M. – Cognitive Science, 2014
In this study, we examined the effects of emotional experience, a relatively new dimension of emotional knowledge that gauges the ease with which words evoke emotional experience, on abstract word processing in the Stroop task. In order to test the context-dependency of these effects, we accentuated the saliency of this dimension in Experiment 1A…
Descriptors: Emotional Experience, Task Analysis, Semantics, Visual Stimuli
Anton, Kathryn F.; Gould, Layla; Borowsky, Ron – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Dual route models of reading suggest there are 2 pathways for reading words: an orthographic-lexical pathway, used to read familiar regular words and exception words, and a grapheme-to-phoneme-conversion-(GPC)-sublexical pathway, used to read unfamiliar regular words, pseudohomophones (PHs), and nonwords. It is unclear, however, whether PHs…
Descriptors: Intention, Semantics, Phonemes, Interference (Learning)

Biederman, Irving; Tsao, Yao-Chung – Cognitive Psychology, 1979
When Chinese adults tried to name the color of characters which represented conflicting color words, they showed greater interference than did English speaking readers of the same task in English. This effect cannot be attributed to bilingualism. There may be fundamental differences in the perceptual demands of reading Chinese and English.…
Descriptors: Alphabets, Bilingualism, Cerebral Dominance, Chinese