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Direct linkCarolyn Hayward; Matthew Ohlson – International Journal of Education Policy and Leadership, 2023
The purpose of this study was to investigate how elementary teachers rate their level of self-efficacy and to examine the characteristics of school leaders influencing teacher self-efficacy, including when teachers worked from home during the COVID-19 school shutdown. On the Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES), all 287 participating teachers…
Descriptors: Teacher Attitudes, Principals, Self Efficacy, Rating Scales
