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Karen Jin Wu; Yolanda Tingyi Mei – International Journal of Language Testing, 2023
Test de Connaissance du Français (TCF), a French knowledge test for any non-native speakers of French, is an official language exam for the certificate of proficiency in French designed by France Éducation international (FIE) and accredited by le Ministère Français de l'Éducation Nationale, de la Jeunesse et des Sports (French Ministry of National…
Descriptors: National Competency Tests, Language Tests, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language)
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Ahmadi Shirazi, Masoumeh – SAGE Open, 2019
Threats to construct validity should be reduced to a minimum. If true, sources of bias, namely raters, items, tests as well as gender, age, race, language background, culture, and socio-economic status need to be spotted and removed. This study investigates raters' experience, language background, and the choice of essay prompt as potential…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Language Tests, Test Bias, Essay Tests