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Ninuk Indrayani; Bambang Yudi Cahyono; Nur Mukminatien; Francisca Maria Ivone – rEFLections, 2024
Self-Directed Informal Digital Learning of English (SD-IDLE) plays a crucial role in informal language learning. This study aims to examine the SD-IDLE nature of English learning among Indonesian university students and its impact on language learning and personal development. The research used a sequential explanatory mixed methods design,…
Descriptors: Independent Study, Informal Education, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Papageorgiou, Spiros; Xu, Xiaoqiu; Timpe-Laughlin, Veronika; Dugdale, Deborah M. – Educational Testing Service, 2020
The purpose of this study is to examine the appropriateness of using the "TOEFL Primary®" tests to evaluate the language abilities of students learning English as a foreign language (EFL) through an online-delivered curriculum, the VIPKid Major Course (MC). Data include student test scores on the TOEFL Primary Listening and Reading tests…
Descriptors: Alignment (Education), Language Tests, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
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Gu, Lin; Hsieh, Ching-Ni – Language Assessment Quarterly, 2019
Examining spoken features across proficiency levels allows researchers to explore the nature of speaking proficiency as it develops. This line of research has thus far primarily focused on adult second language (L2) learners. Using cross-sectional data based on a large-scale language assessment intended for young L2 learners, in this study, we…
Descriptors: Oral Language, Speech Communication, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning