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Haberman, Shelby J. – Educational Testing Service, 2011
Alternative approaches are discussed for use of e-rater[R] to score the TOEFL iBT[R] Writing test. These approaches involve alternate criteria. In the 1st approach, the predicted variable is the expected rater score of the examinee's 2 essays. In the 2nd approach, the predicted variable is the expected rater score of 2 essay responses by the…
Descriptors: Writing Tests, Scoring, Essays, Language Tests
Lee, Yong-Won – 2001
An essay test is now an integral part of the computer based Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL-CBT). This paper provides a brief overview of the current TOEFL-CBT essay test, describes the operational procedures for essay scoring, including the Online Scoring Network (OSN) of the Educational Testing Service (ETS), and discusses major…
Descriptors: Computer Assisted Testing, English (Second Language), Essay Tests, Interrater Reliability

Stansfield, Charles W.; Ross, Jacqueline – Language Testing, 1988
Outlines research necessary for determining the validity and reliability of Test of Written English, an essay test that directly measures writing ability and complements Test of English-as-a-Foreign-Language's (TOEFL) indirect assessment of writing skills. Research should cover such aspects as construct, criterion-related, concurrent, content, and…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Essay Tests, Language Research, Language Tests
Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ. – 1990
This manual has been prepared for those responsible for interpreting scores on the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). In addition to test interpretation information, the manual describes the test, explains the TOEFL program, and discusses program research activities. The TOEFL was developed in 1963 to test the English-language…
Descriptors: College Entrance Examinations, English (Second Language), Essay Tests, Expressive Language