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Download full textSalmani Nodoushan, Mohammad Ali – Online Submission, 2021
It has been argued in the literature on (language) testing that any act of testing/assessment can impact: (1) educators' curriculum design; (2) teachers' teaching practices; and (3) students' learning behaviors. This quality of any given testing situation or act of assessment has been called washback, or backwash if you will. Washback falls into…
Descriptors: Testing Problems, Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Peer reviewed
Direct linkHill, Kathryn; McNamara, Tim – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2015
Those who work in second- and foreign-language testing often find Koretz's concern for validity inferences under high-stakes (VIHS) conditions both welcome and familiar. While the focus of the article is more narrowly on the potential for two instructional responses to test-based accountability, "reallocation" and "coaching,"…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Test Validity, High Stakes Tests, Inferences
