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Peer reviewed
Direct linkSawaki, Yasuyo; Sinharay, Sandip – Language Testing, 2018
The present study examined the reliability of the reading, listening, speaking, and writing section scores for the TOEFL iBT® test and their interrelationship in order to collect empirical evidence to support, respectively, the "generalization" inference and the "explanation" inference in the TOEFL iBT validity argument…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Computer Assisted Testing
Winke, Paula; Gass, Susan; Myford, Carol – Language Testing, 2013
Based on evidence that listeners may favor certain foreign accents over others (Gass & Varonis, 1984; Major, Fitzmaurice, Bunta, & Balasubramanian, 2002; Tauroza & Luk, 1997) and that language-test raters may better comprehend and/or rate the speech of test takers whose native languages (L1s) are more familiar on some level (Carey,…
Descriptors: Native Language, Bias, Dialects, Pronunciation
