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Yashima, Tomoko; Nishida, Rieko; Mizumoto, Atsushi – Modern Language Journal, 2017
This study investigates 3 unexplored issues regarding Second Language (L2) Motivational Self System theory. It further validates the theory using multiple structural equation modeling (SEM) along with a procedure comparing the strength of corresponding paths. Japanese university freshmen (N = 2,631) responded to a questionnaire and took the…
Descriptors: Beliefs, Structural Equation Models, Student Attitudes, Second Language Learning
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Staples, Shelley; Biber, Douglas; Reppen, Randi – Modern Language Journal, 2018
One of the central considerations in the validity argument for the TOEFL iBT is the relationship between the language on the exam and the language required for university courses. Corpus linguistics has recently been shown to be an effective way to explore this relationship, which can also be considered as an aspect of authenticity. Applying…
Descriptors: Computational Linguistics, Computer Assisted Testing, English (Second Language), Language Tests