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Download full textKim, Hyunjoo – English Teaching, 2023
In L2 pragmatics, only a few studies have examined task complexity. Furthermore, the existing studies have predominantly focused on the cognitive dimension and have lacked consistent findings. González-Lloret and Ortega (2018) and Pallotti (2019) have thereby contended that socio-interactional features be incorporated into task design. Along this…
Descriptors: Pragmatics, Difficulty Level, Native Language, Second Language Learning
Direct linkLiu, Yanmei; Zheng, Binghan – Interpreter and Translator Trainer, 2022
This study investigates the comparability of three parallel translation tasks selected from a College English Test Band-6 (CET-6) and explores the major linguistic features contributing to translation difficulty. Data obtained from the participants' subjective rating, eye-tracking, and performance evaluation were triangulated to measure the…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Translation, Difficulty Level, Language Processing
Yeager, Rebecca; Meyer, Zachary – International Journal of Listening, 2022
This study investigates the effects of adding stem preview to an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) multiple-choice listening assessment. In stem preview, listeners may view the item stems, but not response options, before listening. Previous research indicates that adding preview to an exam typically decreases difficulty, but raises concerns…
Descriptors: English for Academic Purposes, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Teaching Methods
Elfiondri; Kasim, Usman; Mustafa, Faisal; Putra, Tomi Mandala – TESOL International Journal, 2020
Studies have shown that reading comprehension is the most difficult section of the Paper-Based Test (PBT) TOEFL. Therefore, this research aimed to identify which sub-skill in reading comprehension poses the greatest challenges for the students and how this sub-skill correlates to other reading comprehension sub-skills. To achieve this purpose,…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Second Language Learning, Language Tests, English (Second Language)
Cho, Yeonsuk; Blood, Ian A. – Language Testing, 2020
In this study, we examined how much change in "TOEFL® Primary™" listening and reading scores can be expected in relation to the time interval between test administrations. The test records of 5213 young learners of English (aged 8-13 years) in Japan and Turkey who repeated the tests were analyzed to examine test scores as a function of…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Scores
Liaghat, Farahnaz; Biria, Reza – International Journal of Instruction, 2018
This study aimed at exploring the impact of mentor text modelling on Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners' accuracy and fluency in writing tasks with different cognitive complexity in comparison with two conventional approaches to teaching writing; namely, process-based and product-based approaches. To this end, 60 Iranian EFL…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Comparative Analysis, Teaching Methods, Writing Instruction
Li, Hongli; Suen, Hoi K. – International Multilingual Research Journal, 2015
This study examines how Chinese ESL learners recognize English words while responding to a multiple-choice reading test as compared to Romance-language-speaking ESL learners. Four adult Chinese ESL learners and three adult Romance-language-speaking ESL learners participated in a think-aloud study with the Michigan English Language Assessment…
Descriptors: Chinese, English (Second Language), English Language Learners, Romance Languages
Chen, Jing; Sheehan, Kathleen M. – ETS Research Report Series, 2015
The "TOEFL"® family of assessments includes the "TOEFL"® Primary"™, "TOEFL Junior"®, and "TOEFL iBT"® tests. The linguistic complexity of stimulus passages in the reading sections of the TOEFL family of assessments is expected to differ across the test levels. This study evaluates the linguistic…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Reading Comprehension
Sadeghi, Karim; Mosalli, Zahra – Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research, 2013
Based on Robinson's (2005) Cognition Hypothesis and Skehan and Foster's (2001) Limited Attentional Capacity Model, the current study attempted to investigate the effect of manipulating task complexity on argumentative writing quality in terms of lexical complexity, fluency, grammatical accuracy, and syntactic complexity. Task complexity was…
Descriptors: Persuasive Discourse, Writing (Composition), College Students, Comparative Analysis
Young, John W.; Morgan, Rick; Rybinski, Paul; Steinberg, Jonathan; Wang, Yuan – ETS Research Report Series, 2013
The "TOEFL Junior"® Standard Test is an assessment that measures the degree to which middle school-aged students learning English as a second language have attained proficiency in the academic and social English skills representative of English-medium instructional environments. The assessment measures skills in three areas: listening…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Test Items, Language Tests, Second Language Learning
Qian, D.D.; Schedl, M. – Language Testing, 2004
The central purpose of this study was to empirically evaluate an in-depth vocabulary knowledge measure in the context of developing the new TOEFL test. The study was carried out with a sample of 207 international students attending an intensive English as a second language (ESL) program in a major Canadian university, in order to determine whether…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Difficulty Level, Vocabulary Development, English (Second Language)
Camara, Wayne J. – College Entrance Examination Board, 2003
Previous research on differences in the reliability, validity, and difficulty of essay tests given under different timing conditions has indicated that giving examinees more time to complete an essay may raise their scores to a certain extent, but does not change the meaning of those scores, or the rank ordering of students. There is no evidence…
Descriptors: Essays, Comparative Analysis, Writing Tests, Timed Tests
