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An Automatized Semantic Analysis of Two Large-Scale Listening Tests: A Corpus-Based Study

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Yufan Zhao; Vahid Aryadoust – Language Testing, 2025

This study examined the semantic features of the simulated mini-lectures in the listening sections of the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) and the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) based on automatized semantic analysis to explore the content validity of the two tests. Two study corpora were utilized, the IELTS…

Descriptors: Semantics, Computational Linguistics, Academic Language, Second Language Learning

The Longitudinal Development of Grammatical Complexity at the Phrasal and Clausal Levels in Spoken and Written Responses to the "TOEFL iBT"® Test. Research Report. ETS RR-19-45

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Gray, Bethany; Geluso, Joe; Nguyen, Phuong – ETS Research Report Series, 2019

In the present study, we take a longitudinal, corpus-based perspective to investigate short-term (over 9 months) linguistic change in the language produced for the spoken and written sections of the "TOEFL iBT"® test by a group of English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) learners in China. The goal of the study is to identify patterns that…

Descriptors: Grammar, Computer Assisted Testing, Phrase Structure, Language Proficiency

Discourse Characteristics of Writing and Speaking Task Types on the "TOEFL iBT"® Test: A Lexico-Grammatical Analysis. "TOEFL iBT"® Research Report. TOEFL iBT-19. Research Report. RR-13-04

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Biber, Douglas; Gray, Bethany – ETS Research Report Series, 2013

One of the major innovations of the "TOEFL iBT"® test is the incorporation of integrated tasks complementing the independent tasks to which examinees respond. In addition, examinees must produce discourse in both modes (speech and writing). The validity argument for the TOEFL iBT includes the claim that examinees vary their discourse in…

Descriptors: Discourse Analysis, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Language Tests