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Download full textHill, Yao Zhang; Liu, Ou Lydia – ETS Research Report Series, 2012
This study investigated the effect of the interaction between test takers' background knowledge and language proficiency on their performance on the "TOEFL iBT"® reading section. Test takers with the target content background knowledge (the focal groups) and those without (the reference groups) were identified for each of the 5 selected…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Internet
Stankov, Lazar; Lee, Jihyun – ETS Research Report Series, 2007
This paper examines the nature of confidence in relation to cognitive abilities, personality traits, and metacognition. Confidence was measured as it was expressed in answers to each test item during the administration of reading and listening sections of the TOEFL® iBT. The confidence scores were correlated with the accuracy scores from the TOEFL…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Grade Point Average, High Schools, Personality Traits
