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Direct linkSawaki, Yasuyo; Quinlan, Thomas; Lee, Yong-Won – Language Assessment Quarterly, 2013
The present study examined the factor structures across features of 446 examinees' responses to a writing task that integrates reading and listening modalities as well as reading and listening comprehension items of the TOEFL iBT[R] (Internet-based test). Both human and automated scores obtained for the integrated essays were utilized. Based on a…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Essay Tests, Factor Structure
Download full textAttali, Yigal – Educational Testing Service, 2011
The e-rater[R] automated essay scoring system is used operationally in the scoring of TOEFL iBT[R] independent essays. Previous research has found support for a 3-factor structure of the e-rater features. This 3-factor structure has an attractive hierarchical linguistic interpretation with a word choice factor, a grammatical convention within a…
Descriptors: Essay Tests, Language Tests, Test Scoring Machines, Automation
