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Dushku, Silvana; Paek, Youngshil – Language Awareness, 2021
This study examines low-intermediate to advanced ESL learners' awareness of semantic prosody. Semantic prosody is a word/unit association that expresses an attitudinal meaning (described as favourable, neutral, unfavourable), which emerges from the word's typical lexical environment. Sensitivity to and awareness of such associations is an…
Descriptors: Semantics, Intonation, Suprasegmentals, Second Language Learning
Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ. – 1990
This manual has been prepared for those responsible for interpreting scores on the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). In addition to test interpretation information, the manual describes the test, explains the TOEFL program, and discusses program research activities. The TOEFL was developed in 1963 to test the English-language…
Descriptors: College Entrance Examinations, English (Second Language), Essay Tests, Expressive Language