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Raymond Yasuda – Language Teaching Research, 2025
This study investigated the effect of consistent freewriting practice on written fluency development. Thirty-nine first-year university students completed 70 10-minute freewriting activities over the course of an academic semester. Written fluency, measured as words produced per minute (wpm), increased from a mean of 19.5 wpm to 30.1 wpm over a…
Descriptors: Language Fluency, Essays, English (Second Language), Language Tests
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Yenkimaleki, Mahmood; van Heuven, Vincent J.; Soodmand Afshar, Hassan – Language Learning Journal, 2023
The present study investigated the efficacy of segmental/suprasegmental vs. holistic pronunciation instruction in the development of listening comprehension skills by EFL learners, using a pre-test post-test design. Six groups of 20 intermediate EFL learners at a university in Iran took part in the study, all groups receiving the same amount of…
Descriptors: Suprasegmentals, Intonation, Pronunciation Instruction, English (Second Language)
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Davis, Larry; Norris, John – ETS Research Report Series, 2021
The elicited imitation task (EIT), in which language learners listen to a series of spoken sentences and repeat each one verbatim, is a commonly used measure of language proficiency in second language acquisition research. The "TOEFL® Essentials"™ test includes an EIT as a holistic measure of speaking proficiency, referred to as the…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Language Proficiency, Speech Communication, Language Tests
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Brown, Annie; Iwashita, Noriko; McNamara, Tim – ETS Research Report Series, 2005
This report documents two coordinated exploratory studies into the nature of oral English-for-academic-purposes (EAP) proficiency. Study I used verbal-report methodology to examine field experts? rating orientations, and Study II investigated the quality of test-taker discourse on two different Test of English as a Foreign Language? (TOEFL®) task…
Descriptors: Evaluators, English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning