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Dushku, Silvana; Paek, Youngshil – Language Awareness, 2021
This study examines low-intermediate to advanced ESL learners' awareness of semantic prosody. Semantic prosody is a word/unit association that expresses an attitudinal meaning (described as favourable, neutral, unfavourable), which emerges from the word's typical lexical environment. Sensitivity to and awareness of such associations is an…
Descriptors: Semantics, Intonation, Suprasegmentals, Second Language Learning
Sohbati, Amir Hossein; Boroumand, Mohsen; Esfahlan, Farzaneh Khakzad – Online Submission, 2021
The present study examined two input modification techniques, namely lexical elaboration (LE) and typographical enhancement (TE), and the combination of these two (LE & TE) to seek the difference among them as far as incidental vocabulary learning through reading is concerned. Ninety six Iranian EFL students whose reading proficiency was at…
Descriptors: Vocabulary Development, Incidental Learning, Linguistic Input, Second Language Learning
Shin’ichiro Ishikawa – LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network, 2025
A writer's L1 is generally believed to influence their L2 English writing significantly. However, the extent to which L1 backgrounds influence Asian learners' L2 English writing has not been wholly elucidated due to the lack of data covering various learners in Asia. Therefore, this study analysed more than one-million-word essays written by 2,318…
Descriptors: Native Language, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Crossley, Scott A.; Kim, YouJin – Language Assessment Quarterly, 2019
The current study examined the effects of text-based relational (i.e., cohesion), propositional-specific (i.e., lexical), and syntactic features in a source text on subsequent integration of the source text in spoken responses. It further investigated the effects of word integration on human ratings of speaking performance while taking into…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Syntax, Oral Language, Speech Communication
Crossley, Scott; McNamara, Danielle – Language Learning & Technology, 2013
This study explores the potential for automated indices related to speech delivery, language use, and topic development to model human judgments of TOEFL speaking proficiency in second language (L2) speech samples. For this study, 244 transcribed TOEFL speech samples taken from 244 L2 learners were analyzed using automated indices taken from…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Proficiency, Language Tests, Speech Communication
Crossley, Scott; McNamara, Danielle – Grantee Submission, 2013
This study explores the potential for automated indices related to speech delivery, language use, and topic development to model human judgments of TOEFL speaking proficiency in second language (L2) speech samples. For this study, 244 transcribed TOEFL speech samples taken from 244 L2 learners were analyzed using automated indices taken from…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Proficiency, Language Tests, Speech Communication
Rashidi, Nasser; Mortazavi, Fariba – Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 2012
This research investigated the relationship between vocabulary learning strategies and vocabulary size of Iranian university EFL students. Participants in the present study were a total of 67 EFL learners, studying at Shiraz Azad University as senior English Translation students. The instruments utilized for data collection were three tests: A…
Descriptors: Correlation, Vocabulary Development, Foreign Countries, English (Second Language)
Nizonkiza, Déogratias – Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 2012
The present study explores the relationship between controlled productive knowledge of collocations and L2 proficiency, the role of frequency in controlled productive knowledge of collocations, and the quantifiability of controlled productive collocational knowledge growth alongside L2 proficiency and word frequency levels. A proficiency measure…
Descriptors: Word Frequency, Language Proficiency, Phrase Structure, Second Language Learning
Crossley, Scott A.; Salsbury, Tom; McNamara, Danielle S. – Language Testing, 2012
This study explores how second language (L2) texts written by learners at various proficiency levels can be classified using computational indices that characterize lexical competence. For this study, 100 writing samples taken from 100 L2 learners were analyzed using lexical indices reported by the computational tool Coh-Metrix. The L2 writing…
Descriptors: Semantics, Familiarity, Discriminant Analysis, Vocabulary Development
Crossley, Scott A.; Salsbury, Tom; McNamara, Danielle S.; Jarvis, Scott – Language Testing, 2011
The authors present a model of lexical proficiency based on lexical indices related to vocabulary size, depth of lexical knowledge, and accessibility to core lexical items. The lexical indices used in this study come from the computational tool Coh-Metrix and include word length scores, lexical diversity values, word frequency counts, hypernymy…
Descriptors: Semantics, Familiarity, Second Language Learning, Word Frequency
Golkar, Maryam; Yamini, Mortaza – Reading Matrix: An International Online Journal, 2007
This study set out to empirically determine the reliability and validity of the Vocabulary Levels Tests, both the passive and productive versions. Furthermore, attempt was made to investigate the nature of the students' vocabulary knowledge with regard to their passive and active knowledge of the L2 words as a whole and at different word frequency…
Descriptors: Vocabulary Development, Language Proficiency, Language Tests, English (Second Language)