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Direct linkRaymond Yasuda – Language Teaching Research, 2025
This study investigated the effect of consistent freewriting practice on written fluency development. Thirty-nine first-year university students completed 70 10-minute freewriting activities over the course of an academic semester. Written fluency, measured as words produced per minute (wpm), increased from a mean of 19.5 wpm to 30.1 wpm over a…
Descriptors: Language Fluency, Essays, English (Second Language), Language Tests
Barkaoui, Khaled – Language Testing, 2014
A major concern with computer-based (CB) tests of second-language (L2) writing is that performance on such tests may be influenced by test-taker keyboarding skills. Poor keyboarding skills may force test-takers to focus their attention and cognitive resources on motor activities (i.e., keyboarding) and, consequently, other processes and aspects of…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Computer Assisted Testing, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Download full textBurstein, Jill; Flor, Michael; Tetreault, Joel; Madnani, Nitin; Holtzman, Steven – ETS Research Report Series, 2012
This annotation study is designed to help us gain an increased understanding of paraphrase strategies used by native and nonnative English speakers and how these strategies might affect test takers' essay scores. Toward that end, this study aims to examine and analyze the paraphrase and the types of linguistic modifications used in paraphrase in…
Descriptors: Essay Tests, Scores, Native Speakers, English (Second Language)
