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Download full textAttali, Yigal – Educational Testing Service, 2011
The e-rater[R] automated essay scoring system is used operationally in the scoring of TOEFL iBT[R] independent essays. Previous research has found support for a 3-factor structure of the e-rater features. This 3-factor structure has an attractive hierarchical linguistic interpretation with a word choice factor, a grammatical convention within a…
Descriptors: Essay Tests, Language Tests, Test Scoring Machines, Automation
Peer reviewedCumming, Alister; Kantor, Robert; Baba, Kyoko; Eouanzoui, Keanre; Erdosy, Usman; James, Mark – ETS Research Report Series, 2006
We assessed whether and how the discourse written for prototype integrated tasks (involving writing in response to print or audio source texts) field tested for the new TOEFL® differs from the discourse written for independent essays (i.e., the TOEFL essay). We selected 216 compositions written for 6 tasks by 36 examinees in a field…
Descriptors: Discourse Analysis, Essays, Scores, Language Proficiency
Carlson, Sybil B.; And Others – 1985
Four writing samples were obtained from 638 foreign college applicants who represented three major foreign language groups (Arabic, Chinese, and Spanish), and from 60 native English speakers. All four were scored holistically, two were also scored for sentence-level and discourse-level skills, and some were scored by the Writer's Workbench…
Descriptors: Arabic, Chinese, College Entrance Examinations, Computer Software
