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Direct linkFrost, Kellie; Clothier, Josh; Huisman, Annemiek; Wigglesworth, Gillian – Language Testing, 2020
Integrated speaking tasks requiring test takers to read and/or listen to stimulus texts and to incorporate their content into oral performances are now used in large-scale, high-stakes tests, including the TOEFL iBT. These tasks require test takers to identify, select, and combine relevant source text information to recognize key relationships…
Descriptors: Discourse Analysis, Scoring Rubrics, Speech Communication, English (Second Language)
Download full textGray, Bethany; Geluso, Joe; Nguyen, Phuong – ETS Research Report Series, 2019
In the present study, we take a longitudinal, corpus-based perspective to investigate short-term (over 9 months) linguistic change in the language produced for the spoken and written sections of the "TOEFL iBT"® test by a group of English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) learners in China. The goal of the study is to identify patterns that…
Descriptors: Grammar, Computer Assisted Testing, Phrase Structure, Language Proficiency
Nitta, Ryo; Nakatsuhara, Fumiyo – Language Testing, 2014
Despite the growing popularity of paired format speaking assessments, the effects of pre-task planning time on performance in these formats are not yet well understood. For example, some studies have revealed the benefits of planning but others have not. Using a multifaceted approach including analysis of the process of speaking performance, the…
Descriptors: Oral Language, Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Decision Making
Biber, Douglas; Gray, Bethany – ETS Research Report Series, 2013
One of the major innovations of the "TOEFL iBT"® test is the incorporation of integrated tasks complementing the independent tasks to which examinees respond. In addition, examinees must produce discourse in both modes (speech and writing). The validity argument for the TOEFL iBT includes the claim that examinees vary their discourse in…
Descriptors: Discourse Analysis, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Language Tests
Tahmasebi, Soheila; Yamini, Morteza – Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 2011
In Sociocultural Theory, mediations in second language learning include (1) mediation by others (2) mediation by self (3) and mediation by artifacts, which incorporates brilliant insights for EFL contexts (Lantolf, 2000). Putting these ideas in a task-based method, the present study aimed at examining the contribution of scaffolding and private…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Inner Speech (Subvocal), Reading Comprehension, Video Technology
Brown, Annie; Iwashita, Noriko; McNamara, Tim – ETS Research Report Series, 2005
This report documents two coordinated exploratory studies into the nature of oral English-for-academic-purposes (EAP) proficiency. Study I used verbal-report methodology to examine field experts? rating orientations, and Study II investigated the quality of test-taker discourse on two different Test of English as a Foreign Language? (TOEFL®) task…
Descriptors: Evaluators, English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning
