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Haberman, Shelby J. – Educational Testing Service, 2011
Alternative approaches are discussed for use of e-rater[R] to score the TOEFL iBT[R] Writing test. These approaches involve alternate criteria. In the 1st approach, the predicted variable is the expected rater score of the examinee's 2 essays. In the 2nd approach, the predicted variable is the expected rater score of 2 essay responses by the…
Descriptors: Writing Tests, Scoring, Essays, Language Tests
Brown, James Dean; Ross, Jacqueline A. – 1993
This study investigates the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), in particular the relative contributions to score dependability (analogous to classical theory reliability) of various numbers of items and subtests as well as the decision dependability at different cut points. Research questions that apply to the overall TOEFL battery and…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Statistical Analysis, Test Reliability