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Batty, Aaron Olaf – Language Testing, 2021
Nonverbal and other visual cues are well established as a critical component of human communication. Under most circumstances, visual information is available to aid in the comprehension and interpretation of spoken language. Citing these facts, many L2 assessment researchers have studied video-mediated listening tests through score comparisons…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Cues
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Winke, Paula; Gass, Susan; Myford, Carol – ETS Research Report Series, 2011
This study investigated whether raters' second language (L2) background and the first language (L1) of test takers taking the TOEFL iBT® Speaking test were related through scoring. After an initial 4-hour training period, a group of 107 raters (mostly of learners of Chinese, Korean, and Spanish), listened to a selection of 432 speech samples that…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Evaluators, Speech Tests, English (Second Language)