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Download full textTomasz Gajderowicz; Maciej Jakubowski; Alec Kennedy; Christian Christrup Kjeldsen; Harry Anthony Patrinos; Rolf Strietholt – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 2025
The COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread disruptions to education, with school closures affecting over one billion children. These closures, aimed at reducing virus transmission, resulted in significant learning losses, particularly in mathematics and science. Using data from TIMSS 2023, which assesses fourth and eighth-grade achievements across 71…
Descriptors: COVID-19, Pandemics, School Closing, Grade 4
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Direct linkSara Salloum; Rayya Younes; Maya Antoun – Research in Science Education, 2025
In Lebanon, science is taught in an international language (French or English) based on a language-in-education policy rooted in Lebanon's colonial history. Given the intersection among social/socioeconomic class, educational equity, and science performance, learning science in a language other than one's own raises concerns around…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Science Achievement, Science Instruction, Language of Instruction
