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Direct linkMafalda Campos; Nurullah Eryilmaz; Rolf Strietholt – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2025
Background: Comparative educational research has studied inequality in educational outcomes through large-scale assessments like PISA and TIMSS, by identifying achievement gaps within social groups (e.g., gender, parental education, and immigrant gaps) to inform investment in intervention programs and educational policies. However, the focus of…
Descriptors: Achievement Gap, Equal Education, Gender Differences, Parent Background
Elsayed, Mahmoud A. A.; Clerkin, Aidan; Pitsia, Vasiliki; Aljabri, Nayyaf; Al-Harbi, Khaleel – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2022
Boys in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia consistently and significantly underperform compared to girls across different grades and subjects, forming one of the largest gender gaps in student achievement in the world. Saudi Arabia offers a unique setting in which boys and girls attend separate schools on a universal basis starting from grade 1. This…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Males, Underachievement, Gender Differences
Qiu, Xue-Lan; Leung, Frederick K. S. – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2022
This study investigated the status of equity in mathematics education in Hong Kong based on data from TIMSS 2011 to 2019 and the changes in education equity across the three cycles. The effects of various student-, family-, and school-level variables on students' mathematics achievement were examined and compared using multilevel modeling. Results…
Descriptors: Equal Education, Mathematics Education, Foreign Countries, Elementary Secondary Education
Chen, Jianan; van Laar, Saskia; Braeken, Johan – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2023
A general validity and survey quality concern with student questionnaires under low-stakes assessment conditions is that some responders will not genuinely engage with the questionnaire, often with more random response patterns as a result. Using a mixture IRT approach and a meta-analytic lens across 22 educational systems participating in TIMSS…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, International Assessment, Achievement Tests, Foreign Countries
Daus, Stephan; Braeken, Johan – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2018
Background: Fair comparisons of educational systems in large-scale assessments can be made only if the differences in curricula have little impact on the outcomes. This study investigated the sensitivity of science achievement rankings to varying degrees of curriculum implementation in the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Elementary Secondary Education, Foreign Countries, International Assessment
Ghasemi, Ehsan; Burley, Hansel – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2019
Understanding why women are consistently underrepresented in STEM fields has been a constant puzzle, with a consistent feature of the puzzle being performance in math. This study uses data from TIMSS exams to investigate cross-national gender differences in math-related affect, more precisely liking mathematics, confidence in mathematics, and…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Disproportionate Representation, STEM Education, Mathematics
Meinck, Sabine; Brese, Falk – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2019
Potential differences in achievement between female and male students have always been an interesting topic in educational research, as well as having policy and economic implications. This study provides an overview of the so-called "gender gap" in mathematics and science knowledge, based on an in-depth analysis of both extremes of…
Descriptors: Educational Trends, Gender Differences, Evidence, Achievement Tests
Bofah, Emmanuel Adu-tutu; Hannula, Markku S. – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2015
Relationships among motivational constructs from the 2011 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS 2011) were investigated for eight-graders in all the five participating African countries, representing 38,806 (49 % girls). First, we investigated the psychometric properties (factor structure, reliabilities, method effect, and…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Foreign Countries, International Assessment, Mathematics Tests
Hole, Arne; Grønmo, Liv Sissel; Onstad, Torgeir – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2018
Background: This paper discusses a framework for analyzing the dependence on mathematical theory in test items, that is, a framework for discussing to what extent knowledge of mathematical theory is helpful for the student in solving the item. The framework can be applied to any test in which some knowledge of mathematical theory may be useful,…
Descriptors: International Assessment, Foreign Countries, Achievement Tests, Secondary School Students
Andon, Anabelle; Thompson, Christopher G.; Becker, Betsy J. – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2014
Background: While existing evidence strongly suggests that immigrant students underperform relative to their native counterparts on measures of mathematics, science, and reading, country-level analyses assessing the homogeneity of the immigrant achievement gap across different factors have not been systematically conducted. Beyond finding a…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Elementary Secondary Education, Foreign Countries, International Assessment
Bofah, Emmanuel Adu-tutu; Hannula, Markku S. – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2017
In large scale international assessment studies, questionnaires are typical used to query students' home possessions. Composite scores are computed from responses to the home resource questionnaires and are used as a measure of family socioeconomic background in achievement comparison or for statistical control. This paper deals with profiling the…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Socioeconomic Status, International Assessment, Scores
Wendt, Heike; Kasper, Daniel; Trendtel, Matthias – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2017
Background: Large-scale cross-national studies designed to measure student achievement use different social, cultural, economic and other background variables to explain observed differences in that achievement. Prior to their inclusion into a prediction model, these variables are commonly scaled into latent background indices. To allow…
Descriptors: Measurement, Achievement Tests, Cultural Differences, Socioeconomic Influences
