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Teig, Nani; Scherer, Ronny; Olsen, Rolf Vegar – International Journal of Science Education, 2022
A great number of studies have investigated science teaching and learning (STL) using data from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Nevertheless, there is little effort to synthesise these studies. Reviewing the status of research on STL, including the trends,…
Descriptors: Research Reports, Teaching Methods, Learning Processes, Science Instruction
Stapleton, Laura M.; Kang, Yoonjeong – Sociological Methods & Research, 2018
This research empirically evaluates data sets from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) for design effects of ignoring the sampling design in weighted two-level analyses. Currently, researchers may ignore the sampling design beyond the levels that they model which might result in incorrect inferences regarding hypotheses due to…
Descriptors: Probability, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Sampling, Inferences