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Download full textCarnoy, Martin – National Education Policy Center, 2015
Stanford education professor Martin Carnoy examines four main critiques of how international test results are used in policymaking. Of particular interest are critiques of the policy analyses published by the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). Using average PISA scores as a comparative measure of student achievement is misleading…
Descriptors: Criticism, Reputation, Test Validity, Error of Measurement
Smith, Teresa A. – 1997
The Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) measured mathematics and science achievement of middle school students in more than 40 countries. About one quarter of the tests' nearly 300 items were free response items requiring students to generate their own answers. Scoring these responses used a two-digit diagnostic code rubric…
Descriptors: Comparative Education, English, Error of Measurement, Foreign Countries
