This study explores how aspects of teacher quality are related to student achievement and students' perceptions of instructional quality on the basis of eighth grade TIMSS 2011 data for Sweden. Indicators of teacher quality are coursework in mathematics as measured by the number of semesters of studying mathematics, years of teaching experience and teacher self-efficacy beliefs. The study employs confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling as primary methods. Results indicate that teachers with higher self-efficacy beliefs were rated by students as delivering higher instructional quality. However, this was not reflected in student achievement levels. Instead, with student socio-economic and immigrant background under control, there was a significant positive relationship between coursework in mathematics and student mathematic achievement levels, as well as between student perceptions of instructional quality and achievement. Relations between teaching experience and student achievement followed a non-linear pattern, with the effect of teaching experience increasing up to 19 years and declining afterwards.