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A Comparison of Student Outcomes in Various Earth Science Courses Taught by Seventeen Iowa Teachers.
Schirner, Silas Wesley – 1967
The effects of the type of earth science course (Earth Science Curriculum Project (ESCP) and non-ESCP), the directness or indirectness of teacher-pupil interaction in various teaching activities (I/D ratio), and the teacher's philosophical orientation (T/NT ratio) on various student outcomes such as understanding of science and scientists;…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Critical Thinking, Doctoral Dissertations, Earth Science

Agne, Russell M. – Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 1972
Students in classes using a self-instructional unit on meteorology and climatology which provided research data from which generalizations could be drawn increased their critical thinking skills more than groups using conventional earth science texts but did not differ significantly in performance on an achievement test. (AL)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Achievement, Conventional Instruction, Critical Thinking