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Rungratsameetaweemana, Nuttida; Squire, Larry R. – Learning & Memory, 2018
The hippocampus has long been recognized as important for the formation of long-term memory. Recent work has suggested that the hippocampus might also be important for certain kinds of spatial operations, as in constructing scenes, shifting perspective, or perceiving the geometry of scenes and their boundaries. We explored this proposal using a…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Neurological Impairments, Visual Stimuli, Comparative Analysis
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Biesmans, K. E.; Aken, L.; Frunt, E. M. J.; Wingbermühle, P. A. M.; Egger, J. I. M. – Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2019
Background: Assessment of intelligence and executive function (EF) is common in complex neuropsychiatric practice. Although previous studies have shown that EF and intelligence are related, it is unknown whether these constructs relate to one another in a similar manner across different ability groups (mild intellectual disability, borderline…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Executive Function, Psychiatry, Correlation
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Shirama, Aya; Kato, Nobumasa; Kashino, Makio – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2017
Although superior visual search skills have been repeatedly reported for individuals with autism spectrum disorder, the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. To specify the locus where individuals with autism spectrum disorder excel in visual search, we compared the performance of autism spectrum disorder adults and healthy controls in…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Visual Perception, Adults
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Lever, Anne G.; Ridderinkhof, K. Richard; Marsman, Maarten; Geurts, Hilde M. – Developmental Psychology, 2017
As a large heterogeneity is observed across studies on interference control in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), research may benefit from the use of a cognitive framework that models specific processes underlying reactive and proactive control of interference. Reactive control refers to the expression and suppression of responses and proactive…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Responses, Self Control
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Jones, Manon W.; Snowling, Margaret J.; Moll, Kristina – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Reading fluency is often predicted by rapid automatized naming (RAN) speed, which as the name implies, measures the automaticity with which familiar stimuli (e.g., letters) can be retrieved and named. Readers with dyslexia are considered to have less "automatized" access to lexical information, reflected in longer RAN times compared with…
Descriptors: Reading Fluency, Dyslexia, Interference (Learning), Color
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Remington, Anna; Campbell, Ruth; Swettenham, John – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2012
In recent years there has been a growing interest in the role of attention in the processing of social stimuli in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Research has demonstrated that, for typical adults, faces have a special status in attention and are processed in an automatic and mandatory fashion even when participants attempt to…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Autism, Attention, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
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Draganich, Christina; Erdal, Kristi – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
The placebo effect is any outcome that is not attributed to a specific treatment but rather to an individual's mindset (Benson & Friedman, 1996). This phenomenon can extend beyond its typical use in pharmaceutical drugs to involve aspects of everyday life, such as the effect of sleep on cognitive functioning. In 2 studies examining whether…
Descriptors: Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Ability, Sleep
Fostick, Leah; Bar-El, Sharona; Ram-Tsur, Ronit – Online Submission, 2012
The present study focuses on examining the hypothesis that auditory temporal perception deficit is a basic cause for reading disabilities among dyslexics. This hypothesis maintains that reading impairment is caused by a fundamental perceptual deficit in processing rapid auditory or visual stimuli. Since the auditory perception involves a number of…
Descriptors: Dyslexia, Visual Stimuli, Reading Difficulties, Auditory Perception
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Jones, Manon W.; Branigan, Holly P.; Parra, Mario A.; Logie, Robert H. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
The ability to learn visual-phonological associations is a unique predictor of word reading, and individuals with developmental dyslexia show impaired ability in learning these associations. In this study, we compared developmentally dyslexic and nondyslexic adults on their ability to form cross-modal associations (or "bindings") based…
Descriptors: Experimental Psychology, Dyslexia, Predictor Variables, Associative Learning
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Taki, Yasuyuki; Kinomura, Shigeo; Sato, Kazunori; Goto, Ryoi; Wu, Kai; Kawashima, Ryuta; Fukuda, Hiroshi – Brain and Cognition, 2011
This study applied volumetric analysis and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) of brain magnetic resonance (MR) images to assess whether correlations exist between global and regional gray/white matter volume and the cognitive functions of semantic memory and short-term memory, which are relatively well preserved with aging, using MR image data from 109…
Descriptors: Semantics, Cognitive Tests, Older Adults, Short Term Memory