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Direct linkCreed, Peter A.; Conlon, Elizabeth G.; Dhaliwal, Kamal – Journal of Career Assessment, 2013
We used two studies to evaluate, modify, and provide initial validation for a revised Academic Hardiness scale. First, 16 experts rated scale items for content validity and identified two problematic questions. Second, confirmatory factor analyses with 300 Grade 10 students (46% boys, age range 14-17) identified a 17-item version to be the best…
Descriptors: Measures (Individuals), Test Validity, Content Validity, Factor Analysis
Peer reviewedSvanum, Soren; Bringle, Robert G. – Intelligence, 1982
Interrelationships among IQ, academic achievement, and teacher ratings of pupils' classroom achievement were evaluated in a large sample of children from various racial and socioeconomic backgrounds. A substantial relationship between standardized measures of IQ and achievement was found and was independent of race, but decreased with increasing…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Correlation, Elementary Education, Intelligence Quotient
