Elementary school students often misinterpret the equal sign (=) as an operational rather than a relational symbol. Such misunderstanding is problematic because solving equations with missing numbers may be important for the development of higher order mathematics skills, including solving word problems. Research indicates equal-sign instruction…

Demonstrates the need for schools to clearly define diagnostic categories such as learning disabilities (LD). These LD students were considerably different from LD students in other studies. They performed on grade level according to the Wide Range Achievement Test, but significantly below their peers in actual classroom performance. (Author)