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Department of Education, Washington, DC. – 1994
This document is a background paper for satellite town meeting on the "Goals 2000: Educate America Act." The paper discusses the importance of studying the arts for themselves, and as a means of helping students learn other subjects. It suggests that studying the arts prepares students for the workplace and helps to build the United…
Descriptors: Art Activities, Art Education, Art Teachers, Curriculum Development

Likes, Diana – Art Education, 1995
Contends that, in an age of decreased educational funding, it is more likely that art teachers must work with administrators who have little or no art training. Asserts that art teachers must educate the administrators about the value of educational art programs. Provides suggested strategies to accomplish this goal. (CFR)
Descriptors: Administrators, Art Education, Art Teachers, Curriculum Development

Bednarz, Sarah W.; Bednarz, Robert S. – Journal of Geography, 1994
Describes the national geography standards, "Geography for Life," part of the Goals 2000 program. Asserts that the standards define the most important elements of geography content and instruction. Discusses innovative features of the standards and presents suggestions for using them. (CFR)
Descriptors: Curriculum Development, Educational Change, Elementary Secondary Education, Environmental Education

McKeown-Ice, Rosalyn – Journal of Geography, 1994
Asserts that geography is an ideal discipline for environmental education. Argues that geographers study the environment in four major ways: (1) the natural environment; (2) the impact of human behavior on the environment; (3) environmental influences on human behavior; and (4) the landscape. (CFR)
Descriptors: Curriculum Development, Educational Strategies, Educational Trends, Elementary Secondary Education

Wilbanks, T. J. – Journal of Geography, 1994
Maintains that the choice of geography as one of the core subjects in the America 2000 and Goals 2000 reform plans provides an opportunity to increase its role in the school curriculum. Argues that those who chose geography have a different view of the discipline than professional geographers. (CFR)
Descriptors: Curriculum Development, Educational Assessment, Educational Policy, Educational Trends

Smith, Ralph A. – Arts Education Policy Review, 1995
Comments on remarks by A. Graham Down, president of the Council for Basic Education, about integrating arts education into the curriculum. Concludes that, when the arts are channeled into the mainstream and made part and parcel of everything, arts education becomes dangerously confused. (CFR)
Descriptors: Aesthetic Education, Art Education, Cognitive Processes, Curriculum Development

Phillips, Douglas A. – Journal of Geography, 1994
Maintains that local school districts will soon be confronted with the task of implementing national standards in geography, history, civics, and government. Asserts that the geography community needs strong partners among teachers' unions and other educational organizations. (CFR)
Descriptors: Curriculum Development, Educational Change, Elementary Secondary Education, Federal Programs

Jumper, Sidney R. – Journal of Geography, 1994
Contends that recent progress in improving geography instruction at the precollegiate level is not yet reflected at the college level. Maintains that a successful effort to create consensus guidelines for college geography majors would enhance geography's reputation as a science discipline and improve student skills and creativity. (CFR)
Descriptors: Articulation (Education), Curriculum Development, Educational Change, Educational History

Hamblen, Karen A. – Arts Education Policy Review, 1995
Asserts that this is a frenetic time for arts education. Discusses the formation and implementation of public policy regarding arts education. Concludes that the most responsible policies emerge when broad-based input from professionals and lay persons is solicited and acted upon. (CFR)
Descriptors: Art Education, Curriculum Development, Educational Finance, Educational Objectives

Lehman, Paul R. – Music Educators Journal, 1994
Maintains that the Music Educators National Conference (MENC) achieved an important symbolic victory by being a primary developer of the National Standards for Arts Education. Presents and discusses five issues related to the Goals 2000 program in general and the standards related to music education in particular. (CFR)
Descriptors: Academic Standards, Aesthetic Education, Curriculum Development, Educational Change

Hope, Samuel – Arts Education Policy Review, 1995
Asserts that it is important to avoid bandwagon superficialities related to the interdisciplinary approach to arts education in the K-12 curriculum. Concludes that the overarching issue related to the National Standards implementation is how to keep content and process in a productive relationship. (CFR)
Descriptors: Aesthetic Education, Art Education, Cognitive Processes, Curriculum Development

Handley, Leslie Mills; Adler, Susan – Social Studies and the Young Learner, 1994
Reviews the history of the national standards movement. Discusses the standards developed by the Task Force on Standards of the National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS). Describes the content and format of the NCSS standards, how they could be used, and what resources are necessary for effective implementation. (CFR)
Descriptors: Cultural Differences, Curriculum Development, Educational Change, Educational History

Social Education, 1994
Presents excerpts from "Expectations of Excellence: Curriculum Standards for Social Studies." Defines and explains 10 thematic strands that form the basis for the standards. Includes integrated content from history, geography, other social sciences, and the humanities. (CFR)
Descriptors: Citizenship Education, Civics, Cultural Pluralism, Curriculum Development

Boehm, Richard G.; And Others – Journal of Geography, 1994
Contends that, despite recent successes, the geographic education community faces serious problems based on its failure to create and maintain strategies for effect preservice teacher education. Argues that a broad cooperative program involving teachers, school district officials, geographic educators, and the community is a potential remedy. (CFR)
Descriptors: Curriculum Development, Educational Change, Educational Strategies, Elementary Secondary Education

Bednarz, Robert S.; Petersen, James – Journal of Geography, 1994
Contends that geographic education has received increased attention during the past decade from professional geographers, K-12 educators, and the general public. Reviews current efforts and future directions of geographic education and states that all geographic educators share the responsibility for continuing the progress of the reform movement.…
Descriptors: Articulation (Education), Curriculum Development, Educational Change, Educational History
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