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Gersten, Russell; Woodward, John – Educational Leadership, 1985
Authors Gersten and Woodward respond to the criticism by Santiago of their article on structured immersion. (MD)
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Bilingual Education Programs, Elementary Secondary Education, English (Second Language)

Cummins, Jim; Bismilla, Vicki; Chow, Patricia; Giampapa, Frances; Cohen, Sarah; Leoni, Lisa; Sandhu, Perminder; Sastri, Padma – Educational Leadership, 2005
The authors argue that in classrooms with students from linguistically diverse backgrounds, instruction should explicitly activate prior knowledge. Teachers have the opportunity to create environments that affirm the identities of English language learners, thereby increasing the confidence with which these students engage in language and literacy…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Multilingualism, English (Second Language), Classroom Techniques