A variety of testing methods can be extremely useful in finding out whether children who are experiencing learning difficulties may have one or more learning disabilities. This is an important and valuable role for testing. Another important issue concerns how best to ensure fairness for a learning disabled student when he or she must take a large-scale standardized test. Not all learning difficulties are learning disabilities. Children develop at different rates, and sometimes what seems to be a learning disability may resolve as the child matures. Importantly, children who are English language learners are sometimes misidentified as having a learning disability, as are children from impoverished backgrounds or with severe problems at home that impact their preparation for school or their behavior. This is a complex and changing field and each child needs to be recognized as a unique, creative individual. This summary focuses on tests that are used to help diagnose learning disabilities and on special accommodations for students with such disabilities as they face large-scale state and other testing. (Contains a list of 5 resources.) [This article was produced by the Center for Assessment and Evaluation of Student Learning (CAESL) at WestEd.]