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Cooley, William W. – 1991
The Test of Essential Learning and Literacy Skills (TELLS) has been administered to all Pennsylvania students in grades 3, 5, and 8 since 1985. An analysis of results from the 1,505 public elementary schools that served both third and fifth graders between 1986 and 1990 show that in 150 of these schools more than 50 percent of the students scored…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Basic Skills, Competence, Elementary Education

Reitzug, Ulrich C. – Journal of School Leadership, 1991
Administrator competency testing is required in 15 states. Competency testing has traditionally been plagued by ambiguous objectives, questionable validity, an adverse effect on minority group members, and high costs. Offers recommendations for policymakers and for preparation programs. (41 references) (MLF)
Descriptors: Administrator Education, Administrator Evaluation, Certification, Competence