New techniques have expanded the field of biotechnology and awarded scientists an unprecedented degree of control over the genetic constitutions of living things. The knowledge of DNA science is the basis for this burgeoning industry which may be a major force in human existence. Just as it is possible to move genetic material from one organism to another, scientists intend to transfer normal genes into somatic cells in order to correct severe genetic disorders. This procedure, called gene therapy, causes some critics to fear that human gene therapy might be used to alter fundamental human traits such as intelligence, personality, or physical appearance. Although scientists counter that it is unlikely that complex human traits can ever be altered by genetic means, the anxiety continues to generate public controversy. This monograph endeavors to help gain public acceptance by providing clear and accurate information, including benefits and risks, about biotechnology by discussing the following topics: (1) definitions of biotechnology; (2) roots of the biological revolution; (3) tools and applications of biotechnology; (4) gene therapy; (5) agricultural and industrial applications; (6) biotech companies; and (7) regulating biotechnology and genetic engineering. Also included are a 14-page glossary of terms commonly used and a 68-item list of the literature cited. (RT)