Teachers can increase students' learning time by following specific instructional methods that maintain interest and develop the experience of success. Selection of realistic learning goals is essential. (CJH)

Reviews the findings of studies conducted on students' time on task in school, noting especially the factors influencing students' total time in school and their time engaged in learning. Draws implications for schools' use of instructional time. (JW)

Recent research findings relating to time-on-task have had little effect on school practice. One cause was reducing the findings to an oversimplified statement that equated more time with more learning. Offers ways that schools can increase time-on-task. (CJH)

Using several charts, this article compares strengths and weaknesses of Japanese junior high schools and American middle schools. Each system could learn something from the other. As an adaptive, reactive culture, Japan might benefit from a more flexible, diversified school atmosphere, while an individualistic, pluralistic United States might gain…