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Hayes, John R.; Flower, Linda S. – Topics in Language Disorders, 1987
Protocol analysis and a literature review were used to determine the ways novice and expert writers, from elementary to postsecondary levels, deal with the cognitive processes that constitute writing. They found that writing is goal-directed, writing goals are hierarchically organized, and writers accomplish their goals through planning, sentence…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Elementary Secondary Education, Goal Orientation, Postsecondary Education