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Lytton, Hugh – 1987
The paper reviews research on parental effects on the child, child effects on the parent, and reciprocal effects for the child's characteristics in general and for conduct disorder in particular. Evidence is cited which suggests validity of both the adult-to-child and child-to-adult effects model. Addressing the question of where the preponderant…
Descriptors: Attachment Behavior, Behavior Disorders, Behavior Patterns, Child Rearing
Peer reviewedCrittenden, Patricia M. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1985
Offers evidence supporting a model of bidirectional effects: the mother initiates maltreatment, but both mother and infant sustain the situation by their behaviors. Maltreated infants did not differ from controls in congenital characteristics, but displayed deviance in learned behavior patterns. Infants showed behavioral improvement after…
Descriptors: Attachment Behavior, Behavior Patterns, Behavior Problems, Child Abuse
