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Garfield, Joan; Ahlgren, Andrew – Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 1988
Although many articles in the education literature recommend how to teach statistics more effectively, there is little published research on how students actually learn statistics concepts. The literature reviewed in this paper indicates a need for collaborative, cross-disciplinary research on how students come to think correctly about probability…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Concept Formation, Elementary School Mathematics, Elementary Secondary Education

Seymour, Jerry; Longden, Bernard – Journal of Biological Education, 1991
Reports results of procedures directed at isolating and identifying students' difficulties in comprehending the concepts involved in lessons about gas exchange and respiration. Indicates that pupils (n=137) had deficient understanding of prerequisite concepts and tended to operate at the concrete operational level, whereas the highly abstract…
Descriptors: Biology, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Style, Cognitive Tests