School-based response to intervention (RTI) teams must gather, organize, chart, and interpret essential instructional information to make effective adjustments to meet the academic needs of struggling learners. Quantified data such as student proficiency scores, rate of progress trends, and achievement gap results provide the foundation for making…

Discusses structure, credibility, and use of the Computer Based Training (CBT) Advisor, an expert system designed to help managers make judgements about course selection, system selection, cost/benefits, development effort, and probable success of CBT projects. (MBR)

The first of two articles designed to provide guidelines for the instructional development phase of instructional systems development focuses on general instructional methods supporting all instructional tasks. Teaching methods that support selective attention, processing in working memory, and connecting in long-term memory are described and…

This article presents principles, options, and factors to consider when determining the amount of time and the kinds of instruction that should be provided to students with severe intellectual disabilities in regular education classrooms and other settings. These include intellectual ability; chronological age; related services;…

An "orientation" checklist is proposed to aid the adult basic education (ABE) teacher in preparing for instruction. The list reflects a number of issues teachers should consider carefully before meeting with students. The issues concern (1) information about the learners and their characteristics and needs that can be taken into account in…

This book, for preservice and beginning teachers, emphasizes instruction as the focal point of teaching. It is intended to be a primer on general secondary instructional practices. Decision making, the most pervasive aspect of teaching, leads the presentation as the topic of chapter 1. Chapter 2 addresses the teacher's role in providing for a…

Considers four major decisions to illustrate the complexity of decision making about pretesting as part of the instructional process: whether a pretest should be administered; the behaviors that should be pretested; how pretesting should be accomplished; and how teaching strategies should be adjusted to pretest results. (MBR)

This article discusses the stages of instruction (internalization, development, and externalization) and the four domains of instruction (materials, activities, teacher behaviors, and student grouping) that can be adapted for teaching students with disabilities. An instructional adaptation decision-making tool used to assess each of the…

This paper compares segregated, integrated, and community-based environments for instructing students with severe, multiple handicaps. Advantages and disadvantages are reviewed, recommendations for selection of suitable instructional environments are offered, and essential criteria for the evaluation of instruction in the various environments are…

David C. Berliner's title paper is a research review which explores factors that can be controlled or influenced by teachers and that are known to affect student behavior, attitudes, and achievement. Pre-instructional factors include decisions about content, time allocation, pacing, grouping, and activity structures. "During-Instruction"…

This article presents an approach to cooperative planning for individualizing instruction of students with special needs in mainstream settings. Guidelines for making decisions about aspects of joint lesson plans and a Co-Teaching Planning Form are offered. (DB)

Reported are the results of the Second International Mathematics Study describing U.S. eighth (n=235) and twelfth grade (n=156) teachers' reasons for deciding what teaching methods to employ and topics to cover in the classroom. Teacher knowledge and textbook inclusion or exclusion are the most frequently cited reasons. Implications for curricular…

This manual is intended to help educators of students with disabilities select and implement a social skills program through a five-step decision process, either manually or by use of software (available in both PC-DOS and Macintosh formats). After an introductory chapter, the second chapter focuses on what social skills are, why they are…

The Instructional Priority System is presented as a collaborative approach in which teachers, specialists, students, and their parents participate in the instructional decision-making process for developing, implementing, and generalizing learning strategies. The skills needed by the student are identified and prioritized, and responsibilities…

Argues for an increased emphasis on global education in the elementary school curriculum. Contends that cooperative learning and decision-making skills are essential strategies for effective international education. Provides suggestions for development and implementation. (CFR)