Education systems in under-resourced environments face several challenges, some of them exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. A possible way to address some of the challenges is to apply information and communication technologies. However, effectively integrating technology into education systems is a complex task. In this paper, factors…

Choosing whether to test via computer is the most difficult and consequential decision the designers of a testing program can make. The decision is difficult because of the wide range of choices available. Designers can choose where and how often the test is made available, how the test items look and function, how those items are combined into…

This paper discusses some of the significant issues that school districts, superintendents, principals, board members, and faculty will have to face in the acquisition and implementation of educational hardware and software. Strengths and weaknesses of various computer configurations are presented and it is suggested that the use of professional…