People in the developing world worry about the shrinkage of forests and the scarcity of firewood. An international team of geographers assessed desertification and prepared a map. Students can analyze a simplified map and answer questions that will help them understand desertification. (AM)

Discusses how biomass in the form of fuelwood, crop residues, and animal dung can be converted into fuels such as biogas and ethanol to replace or supplement fossil fuels. Argues for future decentralized, integrated biomass energy development. (TW)

Attempts to identify the need for support communication in water development projects in developing countries. Describes how the support communication process could be planned and implemented in ways that would enhance environmental quality. Focuses on water projects in the rural areas of developing nations. (TW)

Describes how environmental problems in developing countries partly arise out of lack of development. Emphasizes that environmental education is critical under these conditions. Argues for the systematic integration of economic and environmental plans for various regions. (TW)